一、为什么选择Rust全栈开发？

性能对比测试（Requests/sec）

核心优势

• 零成本抽象：编译期内存安全检查
• WASM支持：前端逻辑高性能运行
• 统一语言：前后端共享数据结构
• 生态成熟：Cargo包管理+活跃社区

二、Leptos框架核心机制

1. 响应式系统原理

// 声明式UI示例
#[component]
pub fn Counter() -> impl IntoView {
    let (count, set_count) = create_signal(0);
    
    view! {
        <button
            on:click=move |_| set_count.update(|n| *n += 1)
            class="btn-primary"
        >
            "点击计数: " {count}
        </button>
    }
}

2. 服务端渲染(SSR)配置

# Cargo.toml配置
[package]
name = "fullstack-rust"
version = "0.1.0"

[dependencies]
leptos = { version = "0.6", features = ["ssr"] }
leptos_router = "0.6"
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

三、全栈功能开发实战

1. JWT认证模块实现

// 后端中间件
#[derive(Clone)]
struct AuthMiddleware;

#[async_trait]
impl Middleware<Arc<AppState>> for AuthMiddleware {
    async fn call(
        &self,
        req: Request<Arc<AppState>>,
        next: Next<Arc<AppState>>,
    ) -> Result<Response> {
        let auth_header = req.headers().get("Authorization");
        let token = parse_jwt(auth_header)?;  // JWT解析逻辑
        
        // 验证令牌并注入上下文
        let claims = validate_token(&token)?;
        req.extensions_mut().insert(claims);
        
        next.run(req).await
    }
}

2. 数据库集成（SQLx + PostgreSQL）

// 数据库连接池配置
pub async fn init_db_pool() -> Result<SqlitePool> {
    let pool = SqlxPool::connect(&std::env::var("DATABASE_URL")?)
        .await
        .context("连接数据库失败")?;
    
    sqlx::migrate!().run(&pool).await?;
    Ok(pool)
}

// 查询示例
pub async fn get_user_by_id(pool: &SqlxPool, user_id: i32) -> Result<User> {
    sqlx::query_as!(
        User,
        "SELECT id, username, email FROM users WHERE id = $1",
        user_id
    )
    .fetch_one(pool)
    .await
    .context("用户查询失败")
}

四、前端WASM交互

1. 跨语言类型共享

// 共享结构体
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
pub struct Product {
    pub id: i32,
    pub name: String,
    pub price: f64,
}

// 前端调用API
async fn fetch_products() -> Resource<i32, Vec<Product>> {
    create_resource(
        || 0,
        |_| async move {
            reqwest::get("/api/products")
                .await?
                .json()
                .await
        },
    )
}

2. 实时数据绑定

#[component]
pub fn ProductList() -> impl IntoView {
    let products = fetch_products();
    
    view! {
        <Suspense fallback=|| view!{<p>"加载中..."</p>}>
            {move || products.read().map(|data| match data {
                Ok(products) => view! {
                    <For each=products key=|p| p.id
                        let:product
                    >
                        <ProductItem product/>
                    </For>
                }.into_view(),
                Err(_) => view! { <ErrorAlert/> }.into_view()
            })}
        </Suspense>
    }
}

五、生产环境部署

1. 单文件二进制编译

# 静态编译命令
cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl

# 输出文件大小优化
strip target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/fullstack-rust

2. Docker镜像优化

# 多阶段构建
FROM rust:1.75 as builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN cargo build --release

FROM gcr.io/distroless/cc-debian12
COPY --from=builder /app/target/release/fullstack-rust /
COPY --from=builder /app/migrations /migrations
CMD ["/fullstack-rust"]

六、性能优化对比

压力测试结果（wrk -t12 -c400 -d30s）

常见问题排查

Q：编译时报错proc-macro derive panicked

• 解决方法：检查serde版本是否与Leptos兼容确保所有#[derive]类型都实现必要的trait

Q：WASM文件过大

• 优化步骤：

# 添加wasm优化依赖
[profile.release]
lto = true
codegen-units = 1

[dependencies]
wasm-opt = { version = "0.4", optional = true }